Since the symptoms of T2DM in the early stages are mostly non-specific, currently there are no established biomarkers that are usable for the presymptomatic or early detection of the disease. Due to the insufficient insulin production and/or the tissue insulin resistance, the compensating high blood sugar levels may cause damages to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and the nervous system 2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that affects more than 400 million people worldwide 1. By performing a further, more detailed analysis of the clinical and molecular biology parameters, these data may serve as a basis of establishing new, personalized diagnostic markers helping the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
This is a first detailed analysis of T2DM related alterations in erythrocyte membrane transporter protein levels, and the results suggest significant changes in some of the transporter expression levels in various patient groups. By comparing age-matched control subjects and three groups of T2DM patients (recently diagnosed, successfully managed, and patients with disease-related complications), we found significant differences in the membrane expression levels of the transporters in these groups. Here we report a detailed phenotypic analysis of a medium scale, clinically based study on the expression of T2DM-related membrane proteins, the GLUT1, GLUT3, MCT1, URAT1, ABCA1, ABCG2 and the PMCA4 transporters in erythrocytes. We have recently developed a flow-cytometry assay panel for the quantitative determination of red cell membrane protein levels with potential relevance in diseases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common multifactorial diseases and several membrane transporters are involved in its development, complications and treatment.
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